Tanker milk variability in fatty acids according to farm feeding and husbandry practices in a French semi-mountain area
نویسندگان
چکیده
The objective of this study was to relate farm feeding practices in different production systems to milk fatty acid (FA) composition on the scale of round tankers. Milks from 10 collection rounds in the French department of the Haute-Loire (10 to 36 herds per collection round) were sampled twice and three times during winter and grazing periods, respectively. The collection rounds were principally characterised by the forage system (grass or maize silage). Nine variants of milk production conditions were defined: four for the winter feeding period (W1 to W4) and five for the grazing period (G1 to G5). Over the year rumenic acid was positively correlated with vaccenic acid (r = 0.99), all the other trans and c11 isomers of C18:1, oleic acid (r = 0.79), linolenic acid (r = 0.82) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA). The milk fat from cows grazed on grass had a higher proportion of total trans FA (including trans C18:1, non-conjugated C18:2 and c9t11CLA) and total cis C18:1, and a lower proportion of medium-chain saturated FA (−9.50 g·100 g−1 for C16:0 between G5 vs. W1) and monounsaturated FA (mainly c9-C16:1) than that from grass silage-based (and concentrate-supplemented) diets. Also, anteiso-15, C18:0, c9-, t6+7+8-, t9-, t11and t13+14-C18:1, c9t11-CLA (r = 0.65), t11c15-C18:2, C18:3n-3 (r = 0.68) and EPA (r = 0.64) were positively linked to permanent grassland forages (green or conserved) on the scale of the year. During winter, trans (t6+7+8, t10, t12 and t13+14) and cis (c12, c13 and t16+c14) isomers of C18:1 were positively correlated with the proportion of maize silage in the diet (r = 0.47 to 0.91). The wide range of milk FA composition from the rounds observed in this study was closely linked to the variants in feeding and husbandry conditions. Our data confirm the strong effect of nutritional factors on milk FA composition of tanker milk shown in experimental trials. round tanker milk / farm feeding and husbandry practices / trans, conjugated and n-3 fatty acids / grassland / dairy cow 摘要 – 法国半山区域牧场奶牛饲养模式对牛奶脂肪酸的影响。本文主要研究了不同农场 饲养体系下, 由贮奶罐保存的牛奶脂肪酸的变化。分别在法国上卢瓦尔省半山区域的 10 个 牧场 (每个采样点设 10 ∼ 36 个放牧群) 进行采样, 在冬季和放牧期分别采集牛奶样品 2 ∼ 3 次。所有采样点的饲料主要是以草料为主 (草料和青贮玉米)。分别设定了 9 种奶牛的生 产条件, 冬季饲养期间有四种 (W1∼W4), 放牧期间有5种 (G1∼G5)。经过一年的实验结果 发现: 9 顺, 11 反-亚油酸与 11 反-十八碳烯酸 (r = 0.99)、其他所有的反式和 11 顺-十 * Corresponding author (通讯作者): [email protected] Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.dairy-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/dst:2007013 194 A. Ferlay et al. 八碳烯酸的异构体、油酸 (r = 0.79)、亚麻酸 (r = 0.82) 和二十碳五稀酸 (EPA) 都呈正相 关。以放 牧为主与以草料和青贮饲料 (补充了浓缩饲料) 为主的奶牛相比, 前者乳脂肪中 总反式脂肪酸 (包括反式 C18:1 、非共轭 C18:2 和 c9t11-共轭亚油酸) 和总顺式 C18:1 高于 后者, 但是其中链饱和脂肪酸 (在 G5 与 W1 之间 C16:0 相差 9.50 g·100 g−1) 和单不饱和脂 肪酸 (主要是 c9-C16:1) 则低于后者。另外, anteiso-15、C18:0、c9-、t6+7+8-、t9-、t11-和 t-13+14-C18:1、c9t11-共轭亚油酸 (r = 0.65)、t11c15-C18:2、C18:3n-3 (r = 0.68) 和二十碳 五烯酸 (r = 0.64), 这些脂肪酸的含量具与在永久草场中放牧的饲养方式 (青草或干草) 呈 正相关。在冬季饲养期间, C18:1 的反式 (t6+7+8、t10、t12 和 t13+14) 和顺式 (c12、c13 和 t16+c14) 异构体也与饲料中青贮玉米饲料的比例呈正相关 (r = 0.47 ∼ 0.91), 此项研究表明, 不同采样点存在较大的乳脂肪酸组成变化范围与奶牛的饲养条件紧密相关。试验证明饲料 的营养因素对牛乳脂肪酸组成有显著的影响。 圆形贮奶罐 / 奶牛的牧场饲养 / 反式共轭脂肪酸和n-3脂肪酸 /草场 / 奶牛 Résumé – Variabilité des acides gras de laits de collecte en fonction des pratiques alimentaires et des conduites d’élevage dans une zone française de semi-montagne. L’objectif de cette étude était, à l’échelle de laits de tournées, d’établir des relations entre les pratiques d’alimentation et les conduites d’élevage de différents systèmes de production et la composition en acides gras (AG) de ces laits. Les laits de 10 tournées dans le département français de la Haute-Loire (10 à 36 troupeaux par tournée) ont été prélevés, respectivement, deux et trois fois pendant l’hiver et la période de pâturage. Neuf variants des conditions de production des laits ont été définis : quatre pour la période hivernale (W1 à W4) et cinq pour la période de pâturage (G1 à G5). Au cours de l’année, l’acide ruménique était positivement corrélé à l’acide vaccénique (r = 0.99), à l’ensemble des autres isomères trans et c11 du C18:1, aux acides oléique (r = 0.79), linolénique (r = 0.82) et EPA. La matière grasse laitière provenant du pâturage avait une proportion plus élevée en AG trans totaux (incluant les C18:1 trans, les C18:2 non conjugués et le CLA-c9t11) et en C18:1 cis totaux, et une proportion plus faible en AG saturés à chaîne moyenne (−9.50 g·100 g−1 pour le C16:0 entre G5 et W1) et d’AG monoinsaturés (principalement C16:1-c9) que celle produite à partir des rations à base d’ensilage d’herbe (et supplémentées en concentré). De plus, l’antéiso-15, le C18:0, le C18:1-c9, les isomères t6+7+8, t9, t11 et t13+14 du C18:1, le CLA-c9t11 (r = 0.65), le C18:2-t11c15, le C18:3n-3 (r = 0.68) et l’EPA (r = 0.64) étaient positivement liés aux fourrages de prairie permanente (verts ou conservés) à l’échelle de l’année. Durant l’hiver, les isomères trans (t6+7+8, t10, t12 et t13+14) ou cis (c12, c13 et t16+c14) du C18:1 étaient positivement corrélés à la proportion d’ensilage de maïs dans la ration (r = 0.47 à 0.91). La grande variabilité de la composition en AG des laits des tournées dans cette étude était fortement liée aux variants d’alimentation et aux conditions d’élevage. Nos données confirment l’effet important des facteurs nutritionnels sur la composition en AG des laits de grand mélange, démontré au cours d’études expérimentales. lait de collecte / alimentation et conduite d’élevage / acides gras trans, conjugués et n-3 / pâturage / vache laitière
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